航天返回舱的着陆过程是一个复杂而精密的过程，以下是其中几个关键步骤。

The landing process of the space return capsule is a complex and precise process, and the following are several key steps.

一、调姿分离关

1、 Attitude adjustment separation off

，返回舱会从运行姿态调整到返回姿态，这包括让轨道舱与返回舱-推进舱组合体分离，返回舱与推进舱分离。这一步骤是为了确保返回舱的稳定性和后续制动减速的顺利进行。

Firstly, the return module will adjust from the operating attitude to the return attitude, which includes separating the orbital module from the return module propulsion module assembly, and separating the return module from the propulsion module. This step is to ensure the stability of the return cabin and the smooth progress of subsequent braking and deceleration.

二、制动减速关

2、 Brake deceleration off

在这一阶段，飞船需要降低飞行速度，改变飞行方向，使其脱离原来的飞行轨道，进入下降飞行的轨道。这是通过开动推进舱的火箭发动机产生制动来降低飞船的速度。

At this stage, the spacecraft needs to reduce its flight speed, change its flight direction, and detach from its original flight orbit to enter a descending orbit. This is achieved by activating the rocket engine in the propulsion module to generate braking and reduce the speed of the spacecraft.

三、绕地球飞行和姿态调整

3、 Orbiting the Earth and Adjusting Attitudes

在制动减速完成后，返回舱需要绕地球飞行五圈，历时7.5个小时。在绕地球飞行一圈时，飞船需要经过两次调整姿态，在调整姿态完成以后，开始进行返回制动，进入半弹道式返回轨道。

After the braking deceleration is completed, the return capsule needs to fly around the Earth five times, lasting 7.5 hours. When flying around the Earth to the last lap, the spacecraft needs to undergo two attitude adjustments. After the attitude adjustments are completed, it begins to apply return braking and enters a semi ballistic return orbit.

四、进入大气层和黑障

4、 Entering the atmosphere and black barriers

在高度145时，推进舱与返回舱分离，推进舱进入大气层烧毁，返回舱则需要进行姿态调整，准备再入大气层。这个过程中，飞船会在大气层内部高速飞行，产生高温，使得周围物质变成等离子体，等离子体影响信号传输，因此，返回舱与外界的联络会中断47分钟。

At an altitude of 145 kilometers, the propulsion module and the return module separate, causing the propulsion module to enter the atmosphere and burn out. The return module then needs to undergo attitude adjustment in preparation for re-entry. During this process, the spacecraft will fly at high speed inside the atmosphere, generating high temperatures that turn surrounding materials into plasma, which affects signal transmission. Therefore, communication between the return module and the outside world will be interrupted for 4 to 7 minutes.

五、开降落伞和着陆

5、 Parachute deployment and landing

在距离地面10时开降落伞，降落伞有引导伞、减速伞、主降落伞，需要依照次序进行释放，直飞船速度降5-6米每秒。在距地面6时，排出多余燃料，航天员座椅高度提升。终在距离地面1米处，返回舱反推火箭点火，进一步降低速度，实现软着陆。

Launch a parachute at a distance of 10 kilometers from the ground. The parachute includes a guide parachute, a deceleration parachute, and a main parachute, which need to be released in sequence until the spacecraft's speed drops to 5-6 meters per second. At a distance of 6 kilometers from the ground, excess fuel was discharged and the astronaut's seat height was raised. Finally, at a distance of 1 meter from the ground, the return capsule launched a reverse thrust rocket to further reduce speed and achieve a soft landing.

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